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 The law has required plaintiffs suing for breach of warranty to establish both horizontal and vertical privity. Lack of vertical privity occurs when a consumer seeks to sue a remote manufacturer who was not involved in the sale to the consumer. Lack of horizontal privity occurs when a user of the product, beside the consumer, is injured. See Thomas v. Bombardier-Rotax Motorenfabrik, 869 F. Supp. 551, 557 n.7 (N.D. Ill. 1994). 

Section 2-318 contains mandatory exceptions to the general requirement of privity: A seller's warranty whether express or implied extends to any natural person who is in the family ...