U

Iowa law is instructive. One statutory exception or modification to the statute of frauds which has surfaced applies to merchants. The Uniform Commercial Code establishes three general exceptions to the writing requirement: (1) goods made specially for the buyer and not suitable for resale to others towards which the seller has made a substantial beginning of their manufacture or commitments for their procurement; (2) where the party against whom enforcement is sought admits the existence of the contract in pleadings, testimony, or before the court; and (3) goods for which payment has been received and goods accepted. See Iowa Code § 554.2201(3)(a)-(c). Additionally, a ...