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The Labor Management Relations Act (LMRA), 29 U.S.C. § 185. The question whether the LMRA pre-empts the enforcement of various state causes of action is a question of law. Section 301 of the LMRA pre-empts state law claims 'founded directly on rights created by collective-bargaining agreements, and also claims 'substantially dependent on analysis of a collective-bargaining agreement.'' Caterpillar Inc. v. Williams, 482 U.S. 386, 394, 96 L. Ed. 2d 318, 107 S. Ct. 2425 (1987) (quoting International Bhd. of Elec. Workers v. Hechler, 481 U.S. 851, 859 n.3, 95 L. Ed. 2d 791, 107 S. Ct. 2161 (1987)). One of the primary ...