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  Common to both the employment discrimination and retaliation claims is a showing of an adverse employment action, which is defined as a 'materially adverse change in the terms and conditions of [plaintiff's] employment.' Hollins v. Atlantic Co., 188 F.3d 652, 662 (6th Cir. 1999). A 'bruised ego,' a 'mere inconvenience or an alteration of job responsibilities' is not enough to constitute an adverse employment action. White, 364 F.3d at 797 (quoting Kocsis v. Multi-Care Mgmt. Inc., 97 F.3d 876, 886 (6th Cir. 1996)). Examples of adverse employment actions include firing, failing to promote, reassignment with significantly different responsibilities, a material