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  Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides, in relevant part, that 'it shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer . . . to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.' 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a).

In his complaint, Smith asserts Title VII claims of retaliation and employment discrimination 'because of . . . sex.' The district court dismissed Smith's Title VII claims on the ground that he failed to state a claim for sex stereotyping pursuant to