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 The Supreme Court has long recognized the principles of federalism and comity at stake when state prisoners attempt to use the federal courts to attack their final convictions. It would be unseemly in our dual system of government for a federal district court to upset a state court conviction without an opportunity to the state courts to correct a constitutional violation.'' Lundy, at 518, 102 S.Ct. 1198 (quoting Darr, at 204, 70 S.Ct. 587). Congress subsequently codified Lundy's exhaustion requirement in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b)(1)(A).

The court has long recognized the ...