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Section 1962(c) makes it unlawful 'for any person employed by or associated with any enterprise . . . to conduct or participate, directly or indirectly, in the conduct of such enterprise's affairs through a pattern of racketeering activity . . . .' 18 U.S.C. § 1962(c) (emphasis added). The Supreme Court has interpreted the phrase 'to participate . . . in the conduct of [the] enterprise's affairs' to mean participation in the operation or management of the enterprise. See Reves v. Ernst & Young, 507 U.S. 170, 185, 122 L. Ed. 2d 525, 113 S. Ct. 1163 (1993).

In Reves, when ...