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A court addressing this issue or racial discrimination must keep in mind the fundamental principle that 'official action will not be held unconstitutional solely because it results in a racially disproportionate impact. . . . Proof of racially discriminatory intent or purpose is required to show a violation of the Equal Protection Clause.' Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp., 429 U. S. 252, 429 U. S. 264-265 (1977); see also Washington v. Davis, 426 U. S. 229, 426 U. S. 239 (1976). ''Discriminatory purpose' . . . implies more than intent as volition or intent as awareness of consequences. It implies that ...