The city of Boston issued an executive order which mandated that city construction projects funded in whole or in part by city funds, or funds which the city had the authority to administer should be performed by a workforce consisting of at least half bona fide residents of Boston. This order will disadvantage out of state residents who were employed through out-of-state construction firms. The State Supreme Court of Massachusetts held that the order violated the Commerce Clause. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed.