ICON (P) and D manufacture fitness equipment. P owns the ’710 patent, which discloses an elliptical exercise machine that allows for adjustments to fit the individual stride paths of users. P has never commercially sold the machine disclosed in the ’710 patent. P sued D alleging that D's machines infringed several claims of the ’710 patent. The District Court granted D’s motion for summary judgment, concluding that D’s machines did not infringe P’s patent. D moved for attorney’s fees under §285. The Court denied Octane’s motion because D could show neither that P’s claim was objectively baseless nor that P had brought it in subjective bad faith. The Court rejected D’s argument that the judgment of noninfringement “should have been a foregone conclusion to anyone who visually inspected” D’s machines. P appealed the judgment of noninfringement, and D cross-appealed the denial of attorney’s fees. The Federal Circuit affirmed both orders. The Supreme Court granted certiorari.