P sued alleging that the College's admissions policy violates Equal Protection under the Fourteenth Amendment. Ps seek compensatory and punitive damages, injunctive relief forbidding continuation of the alleged discriminatory admissions process, and admission to the College. The intervenors (Ds) are 17 African-American and Latinos who have applied or intend to apply to the University. Ds claim that the resolution of this case directly threatens the access of qualified African-American and Latino students to public higher education and that the University will not adequately represent their interest in educational opportunity. The district court denied their motion holding that the University could adequately represent Ds' interests. The district court also denied permissive intervention. A second case was included but for law school and Ds are 41 students and three pro-affirmative action coalitions. The district court denied the motion to intervene as of right on the basis that Ds failed to show that their interests would not be adequately represented by the University. The district court also a motion for permissive intervention. Ds appealed.