Prosser 15th

Torts

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Brown v. Kendall Sup. Jud. Ct. Of Mass.,

60 Mass. (6 Cush.) 292 (1850).

Cohen v. Petty, Ct. Of App. Of D.C.,

62 App.D.C. 187, 65 F.2d 820 (1933)

Spano v. Perini Corp., Ct. Of App. Of N.Y.,

25 N.Y.2d 11 (1969)

Garratt v. Dailey Sup. Ct. Of Wash.,

46 Wash.2d 197, 279 P.2d 1091 (1955)

Wagner v. State

122 P.3d 599 (2005)

Mcguire v. Almy, Sup. Jud. Ct. Of Mass.,

297 Mass. 323, 8 N.E.2d 760 (1937).

Talmage v. Smith Sup. Ct. Of Mich.,

101 Mich. 370, 59 N.W. 656 (1894)

Ranson v. Kitner, Ill App. Ct,

31 Ill. App. 241 (1888)

Wallace v. Rosen

765 N.E.2d 192 (2002)

Fisher v. Carrousel Motor Hotel, Inc., Sup. Ct. Of Tex.,

424 S.W.2d 627 (1967)

I De S Et Ux v. W De S At The Assizes, Y.B. Lib.Ass. Folio

99, placitum 60 (1348).

Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Hill, Ct. Of App. Of Ala,

25 Ala. App. 540, 150 So. 709 (1933)

Big Town Nursing Home, Inc. v. Newman,

461 S.W.2d 195 (Tx. 1970).

Parvi v. City Of Kingston,

41 N.Y.2d 553, 362 N.E.2d 960, 349 N.Y.S.2d 161 (1977)

Hardy v. Labelle's Distributing Co., Mont. Sup. Ct,

203 Mont. 263, 661 P.2d 35 (1983)

Enright v. Groves, Colo. Ct Of App.,

560 P.2d 851 (1977)

State Rubbish Collectors Assoc. v. Siliznoff, Sup. Ct. Of Cal.,

38 Cal.2d 330, 240 P.2d 282 (1952)

Slocum v. Food Fair Stores Of Florida, Sup. Ct. Of Fla., L

00 So.2d 396 (1958).

Harris v. Jones,

281 Md. 560, 380 A.2d 611 (1977)

Taylor v. Vallelunga, Dist. Ct. Of App. Of Cal.,

171 Cal.App.2d 107, 339 P.2d 910 (1959)

Dougherty v. Stepp, Sup. Ct. Of N.C.,

18 N.C. 371 (1835)

Herrin v. Sutherland, Sup. Ct. Of Mont.,

74 Mont 587, 241 P. 328 (1925)

Rogers v. Bd. Of Road Commissioners, Sup. Ct. Of Mich.,

319 Mich. 661, 30 N.W.2d 358 (1948)

Glidden v. Szybiak, Sup. Ct. Of N.H.,

95 N.H. 318, 63 A.2d 233 (1949)

Compuserve Inc. v. Cyber Promotions, Inc.

962 F.Supp. 1015 (1997)

Pearson v. Dodd,

410 F.2d 701, (D.C. Cir. 1969)

Halberstam v. Welch

705 F.2d 472 (D.C.Cir. 1983)

Hackbart v. Cincinnati Bengals, Inc.

601 F.2d 516 (l0th Cir. 1979)

De May v. Roberts, Sup. Ct. Of Mich.,

46 Mich. 160, 9 N.W. 146 (1881)

O'brien v. Cunard S.S. Co. Sup. Jud. Ct. Of Mass.,

154 Mass. 272, 28 N.E. 266 (1891)

Mohr v. Williams, Sup. Ct. Of Minn.,

95 Minn. 261, 104 N.W.12 (1905)

Rondini v. Bunn

338 So. 3d 749 (2021)

Katko v. Briney Sup. Ct. Of Iowa,

183 N.W.2d 657 (1971).

Bonkowski v. Arlan's Department Store, Ct. Of App. Of Mich.,

12 Mich. App. 88, 162 N.W.2d 347 (1968)

Surocco v. Geary Sup. Ct. Of Cal.,

3 Cal. 69, 58 Am.Dec. 385 (1853).

Vincent v. Lake Erie Transportation Co., Sup. Ct. Of Minn.,

109 Minn. 456,124 N.W. 221 (1910)

Lubitz v. Wells, Sup. Ct. Of Conn.,

19 Conn. Sup. 322, 113 A.2d 147 (1955)

Blyth v. Birmingham Waterworks Co. Exchequer,

11 Exch. 781 (1856).

Pipher v. Parsell

930 A.2d 890 (Del. 2007)

Chicago B&Q.R. Co. v. Krayenbuhl, Sup. Ct. Of Neb.,

65 Neb. 889, 91 N.W. 880 (1902)

Davison v. Snohomish County Sup. Ct. Of Wash.,

149 Wash. 109, 270 P. 422 (1928)

U.S. v. Carroll Towing Co. U.S. Cir. Ct. Of App.,

159 F.2d 169 (2nd Cir. 1947).

Vaughan v. Menlove Common Pleas,

3 Bing. (N.C.) 467, 132 Eng. Rep. 490 (1837)

Delair v. Mcadoo Sup. Ct. Of Pa.,

324 Pa. 392,188 A. 181 (1936).

Cordas v. Peerless Transportation Co., City Ct. Of N.Y.,

27 N.Y.S.2d 198 (1941)

Roberts v. State Of Louisiana, Ct. Of App. La.,

396 So.2d 566 (1981)

Robinson v. Lindsay,

92 Wash. 2d 410, 598 P.2d 392 (1979)

Breunig V, American Family Ins. Co., Sup. Ct. Of Wisc.,

45 Wisc.2d 536, 173 N.W.2d 619 (1970)

Trimarco v. Klein, Ct. Of App. Of N.Y.,

56 N.Y.2d 98, 436 N.E.2d 502 (1982).

Heath v. Swift Wings, Inc.,

40 N.C. App. 158, 252 S.E. 256 (1979).

Hodges v. Carter Sup. Ct. Of N.C.,

239 N.C. 517, 80 S.E.2d 144 (1954)

Boyce v. Brown, Sup. Ct. Of Ariz,,

51 Ariz. 416, 77 P.2d 455 (1938)

Morrison v. Macnamara,

407 A.2d 555 (1979)

Scott v. Bradford,

606 P.2d 554 (Okla. 1979)

Moore v. Regents Of The University Of California

51 Cal. 3d 120, 793 P.2d 479, cert. denied 499 U.S. 936 (1991)

Baltimore And Ohio R.R. v. Goodman

275 U.S. 66 (1927)

Pokora v. Wabash Ry. Co.

292 U.S. 98 (1934)

Osborne v. Mcmasters, Sup. Ct. Of Minn.,

40 Minn. 103, 41 N.W. 543 (1889)

Stachniewicz v. Mar-Cam Corp., Sup. Ct. Of Or.,

259 Or. 583, 488 P.2d 436 (1971)

Martin v. Herzog, Ct. Of App. Of N.Y.,

228 N Y. 164,126 N.E. 814 (1920)

Zeni v. Anderson,

397 Mich. 117, 243 N.W.2d 270 (1976)

Goddard v. Boston & Maine R.R. Co., Sup. Jud. Ct. Of Mass.,

179 Mass. 52, 60 N.E. 486 (1901)

Anjou v. Boston Elevated Railway Co., Sup. Jud. Ct. Of Mass.,

208 Mass. 273, 94 N.E. 386 (1911)

Joye v. Great Atlantic And Pacific Tea Co. U.S. Ct. Of App.,

405 F.2d 464 (4th Cir. 1968)

Ortega v. Kmart

114 Cal.Rptr.2d 470, 26 Cal.4th 1200 (2001)

Jasko v. F.W. Woolworth Co. Sup. Ct. Of Colo.,

177 Co. 418, 494 P.2d 839 (1972)

H.E. Butt Groc. Co. v. Resendez

988 S.W.2d 218 (1999)

Byrne v. Boadle Ct. Of Exchequer,

2 H& C 722,159 Eng. Rep. 299 (1863).

Larson v. St. Francis Hotel Dist. Ct. Of App. Of Cal.,

83 Cal. App. 2d 210, 188 P.2d 513 (1948)

Akiona v. United States

938 F.2d 158 (9th Cir. 1991)

James v. Wormuth

997 N.E.2d 133 (2013)

Sullivan v. Crabtree Ct. Of App. Of Tenn., Mid. Sec.,

36 Tenn. App. 469, 258 S.W.2d 782 (1953)

Perkins v. Texas And New Orleans Ry. Co., Sup. Ct. Of La.,

243 La. 829, 147, So.2d 646 (1962)

Kramer Service Inc. v. Wilkins, Sup. Ct. Of Miss.,

184 Miss. 483, 186 So. 625 (Miss. 1939)

Hill v. Edmonds Sup. Ct. Of N.Y., App. Div.,

26 A.D.2d 554, 270 N.Y.S.2d 1020 (1966)

Anderson v. Minneapolis St.P. & S.St. M. R.R. Co., Sup. Ct. Of Minn.,

146 Minn., 430, 179 N.W. 45 (1920)

Doull v. Foster

487 Mass. 1 (2021)

Summers v. Tice, Sup. Ct. Of Cal.,

33 Cal. 2d 80, 199 P.2d 1 (1948)

Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories

26 Cal.3d 588, 163 Cal.Rptr 132, 607 P.2d 924 (1980)

Smith v. Providence Health & Services

393 P.3d 1106 (2017)

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

43 F.3d 1311 (9th Cir. 1995)

Rutherford v. Owens-Illinois, Inc.

941 P.2d 1203 (1997)

Atlantic Coast Line R. Co. v. Daniels, Ga. Ct. Of App.,

8 Ga.App. 775, S.E. 203 (1911)

Ryan v. New York Central R.R. Co., Ct. Of App. Of N.Y.,

35 N.Y. 210, 91 Am.Dec. 49 (1866)

In Re Arbitration Between Polemis And Furness, Withy & Co., Ltd., Ct. Of App.,

3 K.B. 560 (1921).

Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Ltd. v. Morts Dock Eng. Co., Ltd. 'Wagon Mound No.

1'Privy Council 1961, A.C. 388 (1961).

Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Ltd. v. Miller Steamship Co. 'Wagon Mound No.

2' Privy Council 1966, 1 A.C. 617 (1967).

Bartolone v. Jeckovich N.Y. Sup. Ct.,

103 A.D.2d 632, 481 N.Y.S.2d 545 (1984)

Palsgraf v. Long Island R.R. Co., Ct. Of App. Of N.Y.,

248 N.Y. 339,162 N.E. 99 (1928).

Hoyt v. Gutterz Bowl & Lounge L.L.C.

829 N.W.2d 772 (2013)

Yun v. Ford Motor Co.

647 A.2d 841 (1994)

Derdiarian v. Felix Contracting Corp.

51 N.Y.2d 308, 434 N.Y.S.2d 166 (1980)

Watson v. Kentucky & Indiana Bridge & R.R. Co., Ct. Of App. Of Ky.,

137 Ky. 619, 126 S.W. 146 (1910)

Fuller v. Preis Ct. Of App. Of N.Y.,

35 N.Y. 2d 425, 322 N.E. 2d 263, 363 N.Y.S.2d 568 (1974)

Mccoy v. American Suzuki Motor Corp.,

961 P.2d 952 (1998)

Barry v. Quality Steel Products, Inc.

820 A.2d 258 (2003)

Enright v. Eli Lilly & Co. N.Y. Ct. App.,

77 N.Y.2d 377 (1991)

Bierczynski v. Rogers, Sup. Ct. Of Del.,

239 A.2d 218 (1968)

Coney v. J.L.G. Industries, Inc., Sup. Ct. Of Ill.,

97 Ill.2d 104, 454 N.E.2d 197, 73 Ill. Dec. 337 (1983)

Bartlett v. New Mexico Welding Supply, Inc. Ct. Of App. Of N.M.,

98 N.M. 152, 646 P.2d 579 (1982)

Bundt v. Embro, N.Y. Sup. Ct., Queens Co.,

48 Misc. 2d 802

Cox v. Pearl Investment Co., Sup. Ct. Of Colo.,

168 Colo. 67, 450 P.2d 60 (1969)

Elbaor v. Smith,

845 S.W.2d 240 (1992)

Knell v. Feltman U.S. Ct. Of App., D.C.,

174 F.2d 662 (1949)

Yellow Cab Co. Of D.C., Inc. v. Dreslin U.S. Ct. Of App.,

86 U.S. App.D.C. 327 (D.C. Cir. l950)

Slocum v. Donahue,

693 N.E.2d 179 (1998)

Bruckman v. Pena, Ct. Of App. Of Colo.,

29 Colo. App. 357 (1971)

Winterbottom v. Wright Exchequer Of Pleas,

10 M. & W. 109, 152 Eng. Rep. 402 (1842)

Macpherson v. Buick Motor Co., Ct. Of App. Of N.Y.,

217 N.Y. 382, 111 N.E. 1050 (1916)

H. R. Moch Co. v. Rensselaer Water Co., Ct. Of App. Of N.Y.,

247 N.Y. 160,159 N.E. 896 (1928).

2010 WL 1404785 (2010)

Thompson v. Kaczinski

774 N.W.2d 829 (2009)

Kelly v. Gwinnell, N.J. Sup. Ct.,

96 N.J. 538, 476 A.2d 1219 (1984)

Strauss v. Belle Realty Co.,

65 N.Y. 2d 399, 482 N.E. 2d 34, 492 N.Y.S. 2d 555 (1985)

Tresemer v. Barke

86 Cal.App.3d 656 (1978)

Commonwealth v. Peterson

749 S.E.2d 307 (2013)

Hegel v. Langsam Ct. Of Common Pleas,

273 N.E. 2d 351 (1971)

L.S. Ayres & Co. v. Hicks Sup. Ct. Of Ind.,

40 N.E.2d 334, 41 N.E.2d 195, 356 (1942)

J.S. And M.S. v. R.T.H.,

714 A.2d 924 (1998)

Tarasoff v. Regents Of University Of California Cal. Sup. Ct.,

17 Cal.3rd 425, 551 P.2d 334 (1976).

Farwell v. Keaton

396 Mich. 281, 240 N.W. 2d 217 (1976)

Southern California Gas Company v. Superior Court Of Los Angeles County

441 P.3d 881 (2019)

Daley v. Lacroix, Sup. Ct. Of Mich.,

384 Mich. 4 (1970)

Thing v. La Chusa, Cal. Sup. Ct.,

48 Cal.3d 644, 771 P.2d 814 (1989)

Endresz v. Friedberg Ct Of App. Of N.Y.,

24 N.Y.2d 478 (1969)

Procanik By Procanik v. Cillo Sup. Ct Of N.J.,

97 N.J. 339, 478 A.2d 755 (1984)

Taylor v. Olsen

282 Or. 343, 578 P.2d 779 (1978)

Salevan v. Wilmington Park, Inc. Sup. Ct. Of Del.,

45 Del. (6 Terry) 290, 72 A.2d 239 (1950)

Sheehan v. St. Paul & Duluth Ry. Co., U.S. Cir. Ct. Of App.,

76 Fed. 201 (7th Cir., 1896)

Barmore v. Elmore,

83 Ill.App.3d 1056, 403 N.E.2d 1355 (1980)

Campbell v. Weathers, Sup Ct. Of Kan.,

153 Kan. 316,111 P.2d 72 (1941)

Whelan v. Van Natta Ct. Of App. Of Ky.,

382 S.W. 2d.205 (1964)

Rowland v. Christian Sup. Ct. Of Cal.,

69 Cal.2d 108, 443 P.2d 561, 70 Cal. Rptr. 97 (1968)

Borders v. Roseberry, Kan. Sup. Ct.,

216 Kan. 486 (1975)

Pagelsdorf v. Safeco Insurance Co. Of America

91 Wis.2d 734, 284 N.W.2d 55 (1979).

1500 MASSACHUSETTS AVE., APT. CORP., U.S.C.A., D.C. Cir., 141 U.S. App. D.C. 370, 439 F.2d 477 (1970)

Anderson v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., U.S.D.C.,

377 F.Supp. 136 (1974)

Richardson v. Chapman,

676 N.E.2d 621 (1997)

Montgomery Ward & Co., Inc. v. Anderson,

976 S.W.2d 382 (1998)

Cheatham v. Pohle

789 N.E.2d 467 (2003)

State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Campbell

538 U.S. 408 (2003)

Moragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc.

398 U.S. 375 (1970).

Selders v. Armentrout, Sup. Ct. Of Neb.,

190 Neb. 275, 207 N.W.2d 686 (1973)

Murphy v. Martin Oil Co. Sup. Ct. Of Ill.,

56 Ill.2d 423, 308 N.E.2d 583 (1974).

Butterfield v. Forrester King's Bench,

11 East 59 (1809).

Davies v. Mann Exchequer,

10 M.&W. 547,152 Eng. Rep. 588 (1842)

Mcintyre v. Balentine, Sup Ct Of Tn.,

833 S.W.2d 52 (1992)

Seigneur v. National Fitness Institute, Inc.

752 A.2d 631 (2000)

Schott v. South Dakota Wheat Growers Association

906 N.W.2d 359 (2017)

Teeters v. Currey, Sup. Ct. Of Tenn.,

518 S.W.2d 512 (1974)

Freehe v. Freehe Sup. Ct. Of Wash.,

81 Wash.2d 183, 500 P.2d 771 (1972)

Zellmer v. Zellmer

164 Wash.2d 147, 188 P.3d 497 (2008)

Abernathy v. Sisters Of St. Mary's Sup. Ct. Of Mo.,

446 S.W.2d 599 (1969)

Deuser v. Vecera,

139 F.3d 1190 (8th Cir. 1998)

Lorman v. City Of Rutland

193 A.3d 1174 (2018)

Riss v. City Of New York N.Y.C.A.,

22 N.Y.2d 529 (1968).

Delong v. Erie County, N.Y. Sup. Ct.,

89 A.D.2d 376, 455 N.Y.S.2d 887 (1982)

In Re Covid-Related Restrictions On Religious Services

2023 Del. Super. LEXIS 1302 (2023)

Bussard v. Minimed, Inc.

129 Cal.Rptr.2d 675 (2003)

O'shea v. Welch

350 F.3d 1101 (10th Cir. 2003)

Murrell v. Goertz

597 P.2d 1223, Okla, (1979)

Popovich v. Allina Health System

946 N.W.2d 885 (2020)

Maloney v. Rath Sup. Ct. Of Cal.,

69 Cal. 2d 442 (1968)

Popejoy v. Steinle Sup. Ct Of Wyo,

820 P.2d 545 (1991)

Malchose v. Kalfell

664 N.W.2d 508 (2003)

Seaborne-Worsley v. Mintiens

183 A.3d 141 (2018)

Fletcher v. Rylands

3 H. & C. 774 (Ex. 1865)

Fletcher v. Rylands L.R.

1 Ex. 265 (1866)

Rylands v. Fletcher House Of Lords, L.R.

3 H.L. 330 (1868).

Miller v. Civil Constructors, Inc.

651 N.E.2d 239 (1995)

Indiana Harbor Belt R.R. Co. v. American Cyanamid Co.

916 F.2d 1174 (7th Cir. 1990).

Foster v. Preston Mill Co. Sup. Ct. Of Wash.,

44 Wash.2d 440, 268 P.2d 645 (1954).

Golden v. Amory Sup. Jud. Ct Of Mass.,

329 Ma. 484, l09 N.E.2d 131 (1952)

Sandy v. Bushey Sup. Ct. Of Me.,

124 Me. 320, 128 A.513 (1925)

Baxter v. Ford Motor Co., Sup. Ct. Of Wash.,

168 Wash. 456, 12 P.2d 409 (1932)

Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc.

32 N.J. 358, 161 A.2d 69, 75 A.L.R. 2d 1. (1960)

Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc., Sup. Ct. Of Cal.,

59 Cal.2d 57, 377 P.2d 897 (1963).

Rix v. General Motors Corp. Mont. Sup. Ct.,

222 Mont. 318, 723 P.2d 195 (1986)

Prentis v. Yale Mfg. Co. Mich. Sup. Ct,

421 Mich. 670, 365 N.W.2d 176 (1984)

Anderson v. Owens Corning Fiberglas Corp., Cal. Sup. Ct,

53 Cal.3d 987, 810 P.2d 549 (1991)

Friedman v. General Motors Corp., Sup. Ct. Of Ohio,

43 Ohio St.2d 209, 331 N.E. 2d 702 (1975).

Daly v. General Motors Corp., Sup. Ct Ca.,

20 Cal.3d 725, 575 P.2d 1162, 144 Cal.Rptr. 380 (1978)

Maynard v. Snapchat, Inc.

870 S.E.2d 739 (2022)

Peterson v. Lou Bachrodt Chevrolet Co. Sup. Ct. Of Ill.,

61 Ill.2d 17, 329 N.E. 2d 785 (1975)

Erie Insurance Company v. Amazon.Com, Inc.

925 F.3d 135 (4th Cir. 2019)

T.H. v. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation

407 P.3d 18 (2017)

Hector v. Cedars Sinai Medical Ctr.

180 Cal.App.3d 493 (1986)

Philadelphia Electric Company v. Hercules, Inc.

762 F.2d 303 (3rd Cir. 1985)

Morgan v. High Penn Oil Co.

238 N.C. 185, 77 S.E.2d 682 (1953)

Carpenter v. The Double R. Cattle Co., Inc. Idaho Sup. Ct.,

108 Idaho 602, 701 P.2d 222 (1985)

Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co.

257 N.E.2d 870 (1970)

Spur Industries, Inc. v. Del E. Webb Development Co.

494 P.2d 700 (1972)

Belli v. Orlando Daily Newspapers, Inc.,

389 F.2d 579 (5th Cir. 1967)

Grant v. Reader's Digest Ass'n, U.S.C.A.,

151 F.2d 733 (2nd Cir. 1945).

Kilian v. Doubleday & Co., Inc. Sup. Ct. Pa.,

367 Pa. 117 (1951)

Neiman-Marcus v. Lait U.S. Dist Ct., Southern Dist. Of N.Y.,

13 F.R.D. 311 (1952)

Bindrim v. Mitchell

92 Cal. App.3d 61,155 Cal. Rptr. 29, cert. denied 444 U.S. 984 (1979)

Terwilliger v. Wands Ct. Of App. Of N.Y.,

17 N.Y. 54, 72 Am.Dec. 420 (1858)

Economopoulos v. A.G. Pollard Co., Sup. Jud. Ct Of Mass.,

218 Ma 294, 105 N.E. 896 (1914)

Carafano v. Metrosplash,.Com, Inc.

339 F.3d 1119 (9th Cir. 2003)

Ogden v. Association Of The U.S. Army U.S. Dist Ct., D.C.,

177 F.Supp. 498 (1959)

New York Times v. Sullivan

376 U.S. 254 (1964)

St. Amant v. Thompson

390 U.S. 727 (1968).

Harte-Hanks Communications v. Connaughton

491 U.S. 657 (1989)

Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.

418 U.S. 323 (1974)

Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc.

472 U.S. 749 (1985).

Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. Hepps

475 U.S. 767 (1986)

Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co.

497 U.S. 1 (1990).

Sindorf v. Jacron Sales Co., Inc.

27 Md. App. 53 (1975)

Trout Point Lodge v. Handshoe

729 F.3d 481 (5th Cir. 2014)

Joe Dickerson & Associates, LLC v. Dittmar

34 P.3d 995 (2001)

Sanders v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc., Et Al

20 Cal.4th 907 (1999)

372 S.E.2d 711 (1988)

Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing Co.

419 U.S. 245 (1974)

Hustler Magazine v. Falwell

485 U.S. 46 (1988).

Snyder v. Phelps

131 S.Ct. 1207 (2011)

Ashby v. White Courts Of King's Bench,

1702; House of Lords, 1703

Memphis Community School District v. Stachura

477 U.S. 299 (1986).

Floyd v. City Of New York

959 F. Supp. 2d 540 (2013)

University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center v. Nassar

570 U.S. 338 (2013)

Texas Skaggs Inc. v. Graves Ct. Of Civ. App.,

582 S.W.2d 863 (1979)

Friedman v. Dozorc Sup. Ct. Mich.,

412 Mich. 1, 312 N.W.2d 585 (1981)

Grainger v. Hill Ct. Of Common Pleas,

4 Bing.N.C. 212, 132 Eng. Rep.76 (1838)

Swinton v. Whitinsville Savings Bank,

311 Mass. 677, 42 N.E.2d 808,141 A.L.R. 965 (1942)

Griffith v. Byers Constr. Co. Of Kansas, Inc. Sup. Ct. Of Kan.,

212 Kan. 65, 510 P.2d 198 (1973)

Derry v. Peek House Of Lords,

14 App.Cas. 337 (1889)

International Products Co. v. Erie R.R. Co. Ct. Of App. Of N.Y.,

244 N.Y. 331,155 N.E. 662 (1927)

Winter v. G.P. Putnam's Sons

938 F.2d 1033 (Ninth Cir.1991)

Hanberry v. Hearst Corp.

276 Cal.App.2d 680 (1969)

Richard v. A. Waldman And Sons, Inc., Sup. Ct. Of Conn.,

155 Conn.343, 232 A.2d 307 (1967)

Credit Alliance Corporation. v. Arthur Andersen & Co. Ct. Of App. Of N.Y.,

65 N.Y.2d 536, 483 N.E.2d ll0, 493 N.Y.S.2d 435 (1985)

Citizens Bank v. Timm, Schimidt & Co. Sup. Ct. Of Wash.,

113 Wis.2d 376, 335 N.W.2d 361 (1983)

Ultramares Corp. v. Touche, Nivens & Co. Ct. Of App. Of N.Y.,

255 N.Y. 170,174 N.E. 441 (1931).

Williams v. Rank & Son Buick, Inc. Sup. Ct. Of Wis.,

44 Wis.2d 239, 170 NW.2d 807 (1969)

Italian Cowboy Partners, Ltd. v. The Prudential Insurance Company Of America And Four Partners, LLC

341 S.W.3d 323 (2011)

Vulcan Metals Co. v. Simmons Mfg. Co. U.S. Cir. Ct. Of App.,

248 Fed. 853 (2nd Cir 1918)

National Conversion Corp. v. Cedar Bldg. Corp.

23 N.Y.2d 621 (1969)

Mcelrath v. Electric Investment Co. Sup. Ct. Of Minn., Ll

4 Minn. 358, 131 N.W. 380 (1911)

Hinkle v. Rockville Motor Co., Inc.

262 Md. 502 (1971)

Ratcliffe v. Evans

2 Q.B. 524 (1892)

Horning v. Hardy

36 Md. App. 419, 373 A.2d 1273 (1977)

Testing Systems, Inc. v. Magnaflux Corp. U.S. Dist. Ct., E. Dist. Of Pa.,

251 F.Supp. 286 (1966)

118 Eng. Rep. 749 (1853)

Bacon v. St. Paul Union Stockyards Co.

161 Minn. 522, 201 N.W. 326 (1924)

Della Penna v. Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.,

11 Cal.4th 376, 902 P.2d 740, 45 Cal.Rptr.2d 436 (1995)

Neibuhr v. Gage

99 Minn. 149, 108 N.W. 884 (1906)

Freeman & Mills, Inc. v. Belcher Oil Co.,

11 Cal.4th 85 (1995)

522 P.2d 1335 (1974)

Burnette v. Wahl

284 Or. 705, 588 P.2d 1105 (1978)

Nearing v. Weaver

670 P.2d 137 (1983)

Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents Of Federal Bureau Of Narcotics

403

Alexander, Director, Alabama Department Of Public Safety, Et Al. v. Sandoval

532 U.S. 275 (2001)

De Falco v. Bernas

244 F.3d 286 (2nd Cir. 2001)

Pulliam v. Coastal Emergency Svcs.

509 S.E.2d 307 (1999)

Blankenship v. Cincinnati Milacron Chemicals, Inc. Ohio Sup. Ct.,

69 Ohio St.2d 608, 433 N.E.2d 572 (1982)