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Carol Jones left Langford (D). Carol had been living with D out of wedlock on two different occasions. Carol left the first time after she was forced to commit acts of prostitution with four sailors. She was forcibly returned by D. After she left the second time, D induced her to return by a promise of marriage. Carol was white, and D was black. Miscegenation laws forced them to go to Mexico to get married. After their marriage, they returned to Los Angeles, and Carol was expected to be a prostitute for D once again. D was indicted for Mann Act violations (transporting women across state lines for immoral purposes). D had the first count thrown out because the purpose of the trip to Mexico was marriage. D was convicted of the second count; the purpose of the marriage was for Carol to continue as a prostitute for D. D appealed.

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