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This section contains the nature of the case and procedural background.

Pursuant to a subpoena, appellant (D) appeared before a New York City grand jury which was investigating alleged bribery by police officers in connection with unlawful gambling. D was advised of his privilege against self-incrimination but was asked to sign a waiver of immunity after being told he would be fired if he refused to sign. D refused and was fired from his job as a policeman. D appealed.

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