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This section contains the nature of the case and procedural background.

D brought his Jaguar to P, a foreign car repair shop in Menlo Park, California. D agreed to pay P $70 for the repair of a front brake and $100 for a radio, and $17 for lubrication. P failed to give D a written estimate for the work. After this work was done, it was discovered that the rear brakes were in need of repair. P did this for $200, and no signed written estimate was obtained. D was billed $500 for all the work performed. D refused to pay, and P sued. D prevailed, and P appealed.

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