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This section contains the nature of the case and procedural background.

Bank of Nova Scotia (D) and other defendants were indicted after a 20-month grand jury investigation. D challenged the indictment on grounds that the secrecy rules of the grand jury had been violated, there was improper disclosure of materials, violations of the fifth and sixth amendments and knowing presentation of misinformation and mistreatment of witnesses. The government appealed the dismissal. The Court of Appeals reversed.

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