Defendants (D), Isaac, Hughes, and Bell claimed that their constitutional rights were violated at their respective homicide trials because the State was not required to disprove their claim of self-defense. None of the Ds challenged the constitutionality of the self-defense instruction at trial, and this was a violation of Ohio Rule of Criminal Procedure 30, which requires contemporaneous objections to jury instructions. D filed a federal habeas proceeding to litigate the matter.